Introduction

One of the characteristics that sets humans apart from other animals is the ability to solve problems by applying logical principles. We call this rational thinking or reasoning.

As you might expect, people differ in their ability to solve problems that require rational thinking. Some of these differences may be due to general intelligence, but specific life experiences also play a role. For example, auto mechanics are more likely to use rational thinking in solving a problem with a malfunctioning engine than a problem involving a sick child, while the opposite would be true for nurses.