Descriptive Statistics Module Map

Purpose  To describe the common measures of central tendency and variability and demonstrate their use in summarizing a data set.

Summary  The module explains researchers' methods of producing a distribution of scores and illustrates the conceptual advantages of presenting these scores as a histogram or frequency polygon. Skewed and normal distributions are described and illustrated. Next the module explains and contrasts the measures of central tendency: mode, median, and mean. Measures of variability range and standard deviation are also explained. To review these concepts, the student creates a small distribution of scores, and the computer calculates the descriptive statistics for that distribution. Finally, the student has the opportunity to alter the scores in a distribution one at a time, to see the effect on the descriptive statistics for that distribution.

Introduction
Purpose of this module
Distributions of scores
   Frequency histogram
   Frequency polygon
   Skewed distributions
   Symmetrical distributions
Measures of central tendency
   The mode
   Problems with the mode
   The median
   The mean
   The problem of extreme scores
Measures of variability
   The range
   The standard deviation
Creating a distribution
Summary
References


Click here to open the worksheet that accompanies this module. (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader. Click here to get Adobe Acrobat Reader. Internet connection required to download plug-in.)